{
    "schema": 1,
    "fid": "epo",
    "type": "article",
    "object_id": 378,
    "title": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
    "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
    "url": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo",
    "facts_url": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/facts/epo",
    "currency": null,
    "tldr": "EPO (erythropoietin) is a glycoprotein hormone and hematopoietic growth factor that signals red blood cell production. Prohibited in sport by WADA. Lab notes.",
    "facts": [
        {
            "id": "epo:title",
            "category": "identity",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "title",
            "value": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:published",
            "category": "identity",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "published",
            "value": "2026-08-15",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:author",
            "category": "identity",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "author",
            "value": "Preppin' Peppers Editorial Team",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:topics",
            "category": "identity",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "topics",
            "value": "FDA-approved or specific-use, research",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:summary",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "summary",
            "value": "EPO (erythropoietin) is a glycoprotein hormone and hematopoietic growth factor that signals red blood cell production. Prohibited in sport by WADA. Lab notes.",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-1",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "EPO",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-2",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "What it is",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-3",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Research context and categorization",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-4",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Status",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-5",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Reconstitution notes (general)",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-6",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Dilution and handling notes (compound-specific)",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-7",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Handling and storage",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-8",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Related reading",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-9",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "Tools and supplies",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:section-11",
            "category": "content",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "section",
            "value": "What the research community gets wrong about EPO handling",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:product-gansulin-metal-peptide-pen",
            "category": "products",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "references product",
            "value": "Gansulin Pen · Reusable Click-Dial, 3 ml (1-60 Units)",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/products/gansulin-metal-peptide-pen"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:product-gansulin-3ml-cartridge",
            "category": "products",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "references product",
            "value": "Gansulin-Compatible 3 ml Glass Cartridge for Pens (10-Pack)",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/products/gansulin-3ml-cartridge"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:source-dailymed-nlm-nih-gov",
            "category": "source",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "cites",
            "value": "EPOGEN (epoetin alfa) prescribing label, FDA/DailyMed (human albumin as a formulation component; store at 2 to 8 degrees C; do not shake or freeze; protect from light) - dailymed.nlm.nih.gov",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=1f2d0b28-9cc5-4523-80b8-637fdaf3f7a5"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:source-www-uniprot-org",
            "category": "source",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "cites",
            "value": "UniProtKB P01588: Erythropoietin (EPO, Homo sapiens), UniProt release 2026-03 - www.uniprot.org",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P01588/entry"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:source-pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov",
            "category": "source",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "cites",
            "value": "Naughton et al., Am J Health Syst Pharm 2003: Stability of multidose, preserved formulation epoetin alfa in syringes for three and six weeks - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12635452/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:source-pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-2",
            "category": "source",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "cites",
            "value": "Spivak, Annu Rev Med 1993: Recombinant erythropoietin - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8476246/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:source-pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-3",
            "category": "source",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "cites",
            "value": "Delanghe et al., Am J Hematol 2008: Testing for recombinant erythropoietin - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17918255/"
        },
        {
            "id": "epo:source-pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-4",
            "category": "source",
            "entity": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "attribute": "cites",
            "value": "Jelkmann, Front Horm Res 2016: Erythropoietin - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov",
            "source": "Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo)",
            "evidence": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27348128/"
        }
    ],
    "buy": [],
    "faq": [
        {
            "q": "What is EPO and how does it work?",
            "a": "EPO (erythropoietin) is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the kidneys that signals bone marrow to increase red blood cell production; recombinant versions (e.g., epoetin alfa) mimic this signaling action."
        },
        {
            "q": "What is the regulatory status of the EPO products listed here?",
            "a": "No. Recombinant human EPO has not been evaluated or approved by any regulatory authority, including the FDA, and it is not a licensed product for human or veterinary use. It is intended for research purposes only, and any medical use of EPO falls outside the scope of this article."
        },
        {
            "q": "How is concentration calculated when reconstituting a lyophilized EPO vial?",
            "a": "Divide the total amount in the vial by the volume of solvent added. For example, adding 1 mL to a vial yields a concentration equal to the full vial content per milliliter."
        }
    ],
    "jsonld": [
        {
            "@context": "https://schema.org",
            "@type": "Article",
            "headline": "EPO: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes",
            "url": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo",
            "mainEntityOfPage": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/epo",
            "datePublished": "2026-08-15",
            "dateModified": "2026-10-16",
            "author": {
                "@type": "Person",
                "name": "Preppin' Peppers Editorial Team"
            },
            "publisher": {
                "@type": "Organization",
                "name": "PreppinPeppers"
            },
            "description": "EPO (erythropoietin) is a glycoprotein hormone and hematopoietic growth factor that signals red blood cell production. Prohibited in sport by WADA. Lab notes."
        },
        {
            "@context": "https://schema.org",
            "@type": "FAQPage",
            "url": "https://www.preppinpeppers.com/facts/epo",
            "mainEntity": [
                {
                    "@type": "Question",
                    "name": "What is EPO and how does it work?",
                    "acceptedAnswer": {
                        "@type": "Answer",
                        "text": "EPO (erythropoietin) is a glycoprotein hormone produced mainly by the kidneys that signals bone marrow to increase red blood cell production; recombinant versions (e.g., epoetin alfa) mimic this signaling action."
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "Question",
                    "name": "What is the regulatory status of the EPO products listed here?",
                    "acceptedAnswer": {
                        "@type": "Answer",
                        "text": "No. Recombinant human EPO has not been evaluated or approved by any regulatory authority, including the FDA, and it is not a licensed product for human or veterinary use. It is intended for research purposes only, and any medical use of EPO falls outside the scope of this article."
                    }
                },
                {
                    "@type": "Question",
                    "name": "How is concentration calculated when reconstituting a lyophilized EPO vial?",
                    "acceptedAnswer": {
                        "@type": "Answer",
                        "text": "Divide the total amount in the vial by the volume of solvent added. For example, adding 1 mL to a vial yields a concentration equal to the full vial content per milliliter."
                    }
                }
            ]
        }
    ],
    "dates": {
        "published": "2026-08-15",
        "modified": "2026-10-16"
    }
}