# LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes - facts

Canonical page: https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37
Type: Lab article

## TL;DR

LL-37 is the only cathelicidin peptide identified in humans, studied in innate-immunity and host-defense research. Research reference and handling notes.

## Facts Index

| Fact ID | Category | Entity | Attribute | Value | Source | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ll-37:title | identity | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | title | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:published | identity | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | published | 2026-08-15 | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:last-reviewed | identity | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | last reviewed | 2026-10-03 | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:author | identity | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | author | Preppin' Peppers Editorial Team | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:topics | identity | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | topics | research, Research-only | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:summary | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | summary | LL-37 is the only cathelicidin peptide identified in humans, studied in innate-immunity and host-defense research. Research reference and handling notes. | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-1 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | What it is | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-2 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | LL-37 | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-3 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | What it is | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-4 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Research context and categorization | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-5 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Status | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-6 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Reconstitution notes (general) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-7 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Dilution and handling notes (compound-specific) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-8 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Handling and storage | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-9 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Related reading | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-10 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Tools and supplies | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:section-12 | content | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | What the research community gets wrong about LL-37 handling | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37 |
| ll-37:product-gansulin-metal-peptide-pen | products | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | references product | Gansulin Pen · Reusable Click-Dial, 3 ml (1-60 Units) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/products/gansulin-metal-peptide-pen |
| ll-37:product-gansulin-3ml-cartridge | products | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | references product | Gansulin-Compatible 3 ml Glass Cartridge for Pens (10-Pack) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/products/gansulin-3ml-cartridge |
| ll-37:source-pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Reinholz et al., Ann Dermatol 2012: Cathelicidin LL-37: an antimicrobial peptide with a role in inflammatory skin disease - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3346901/ |
| ll-37:source-www-uniprot-org | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | UniProtKB P49913: Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP, Homo sapiens), UniProt release 2026-03 - www.uniprot.org | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/P49913/entry |
| ll-37:source-pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-2 | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Alford et al., Front Microbiol 2020: Cathelicidin Host Defense Peptides and Inflammatory Signaling: Striking a Balance - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7481365/ |
| ll-37:source-pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Murakami et al., J Dent Res 2002: Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptides are expressed in salivary glands and saliva - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12454100/ |
| ll-37:source-pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-3 | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Agier et al., Cent Eur J Immunol 2015: Cathelicidin impact on inflammatory cells - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4637384/ |
| ll-37:source-clinicaltrials-gov | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02225366 (Phase 1, Phase 2, completed, first posted 2014-08-26): Intratumoral Injections of LL37 for Melanoma - clinicaltrials.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02225366 |
| ll-37:source-pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-4 | source | LL-37: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Murphy et al., Anal Sci Adv 2021: Improved intact peptide and protein quantitation by LC-MS: Battling the deleterious effects of analyte adsorption - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/ll-37) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10989528/ |

## FAQ

### What is LL-37 and what peptide family does it belong to?

LL-37 is the only known human cathelicidin — a 37-amino-acid cationic host-defense peptide cleaved from the precursor protein hCAP18 by neutrophils and epithelial cells. It is investigational and has not been approved by any regulatory authority for therapeutic use.

### What does current LL-37 research investigate?

Lab and animal studies examine LL-37 for broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, biofilm disruption, immune signaling modulation, and wound-repair processes such as cell migration and angiogenesis.

### How is lyophilized LL-37 reconstituted for laboratory use?

Standard lab practice is to add bacteriostatic water slowly to the freeze-dried vial via a reconstitution pen or syringe, gently swirl until the solution is clear, label with the reconstitution date, and store refrigerated. Do not shake.

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