# MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes - facts

Canonical page: https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c
Type: Lab article

## TL;DR

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in metabolic research. Not approved by any regulator; prohibited by WADA as an AMPK activator.

## Facts Index

| Fact ID | Category | Entity | Attribute | Value | Source | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mots-c:title | identity | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | title | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:published | identity | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | published | 2026-07-10 | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:author | identity | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | author | Preppin' Peppers Editorial Team | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:topics | identity | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | topics | research, Research-only | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:summary | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | summary | MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid mitochondrial-derived peptide studied in metabolic research. Not approved by any regulator; prohibited by WADA as an AMPK activator. | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-1 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | What it is | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-2 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | What it is | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-3 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Research context and categorization | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-4 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Status | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-5 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Reconstitution notes (general) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-6 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Dilution and handling notes (compound-specific) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-7 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Handling and storage | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-8 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Related reading | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-9 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | Tools and supplies | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:section-11 | content | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | section | What the research community gets wrong about MOTS-c | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c |
| mots-c:product-gansulin-metal-peptide-pen | products | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | references product | Gansulin Pen · Reusable Click-Dial, 3 ml (1-60 Units) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/products/gansulin-metal-peptide-pen |
| mots-c:product-gansulin-3ml-cartridge | products | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | references product | Gansulin-Compatible 3 ml Glass Cartridge for Pens (10-Pack) | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.preppinpeppers.com/products/gansulin-3ml-cartridge |
| mots-c:source-pubmed-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov | source | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Lee et al., Cell Metab 2015: The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis and reduces obesity and insulin resistance - pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25738459/ |
| mots-c:source-pubchem-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov | source | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | NCBI PubChem CID 146675088: Mots-c (C101H152N28O22S2) - pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/146675088 |
| mots-c:source-pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov | source | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Zheng et al., Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023: MOTS-c: A promising mitochondrial-derived peptide for therapeutic exploitation - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9905433/ |
| mots-c:source-pmc-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov-2 | source | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | Benayoun and Lee, Bioessays 2019: MOTS-c: A Mitochondrial-Encoded Regulator of the Nucleus - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8224472/ |
| mots-c:source-www-uniprot-org | source | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot A0A0C5B5G6: Mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c (MT-RNR1, Homo sapiens), UniProt release 2026-03 - www.uniprot.org | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://www.uniprot.org/uniprotkb/A0A0C5B5G6/entry |
| mots-c:source-clinicaltrials-gov | source | MOTS-c: Reference Overview and Reconstitution Notes | cites | ClinicalTrials.gov NCT07505745 (Phase 2, recruiting, first posted 2026-04-01): MOTS-c for Improving Insulin Sensitivity in Adults With Prediabetes and Overweight/Obesity - clinicaltrials.gov | Lab article (https://www.preppinpeppers.com/blogs/the-lab/mots-c) | https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07505745 |

## FAQ

### What is MOTS-c and where does it originate?

MOTS-c is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded by mitochondrial DNA, classifying it as a mitochondrial-derived peptide (MDP). It is grouped with metabolic and mitochondrial-function research compounds and is sometimes called an exercise mimetic in the literature.

### Is MOTS-c prohibited under WADA anti-doping rules?

Yes. MOTS-c is listed on the WADA Prohibited List under class S4.4 (Hormone and Metabolic Modulators) as an AMPK activator, banned at all times—both in and out of competition.

### What preclinical research areas are associated with MOTS-c?

Cell-culture and rodent studies examine MOTS-c in relation to glucose utilization, insulin sensitivity, muscle energy handling, aging, and overall energy balance. No completed human efficacy trials exist; all findings remain strictly investigational.

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